10 Taiwan Ghost Research Chapter: 9 The critical period within 10,000 years (

赫生童子

	Taiwan Ghost Research Chapter:  9   The critical period within 10,000 years (for human and ghosts) Author :Chang Kai-Chi      張開基 translation:北展昭 (You are welcomed to share or reprint but please indicate the source and author) The history of mankind is not too long when human beings are only 7 million years old-- from the "erect squatting creatures to be as a dominator as highest level of the "food chain" in earth.  It created the ever-changing physical civilizations plus by product as ghosts in spirituality aspects. Is this really weird? Human beings were not the first creatures to dominate the earth. The Mesozoic dinosaurs had been extinct since 220 million years ago and survived until 65 million years ago with over 150 million years duration on Earth. Leaving a pile of fossils for archeology, or turning into oil as energy power to pollute the earth without creating any civilization nor developing "dinosaur ghosts" to scare people. Although the historical duration of mankind is far less than dinosaur’s, human indeed are more capable than dinosaurs on the predatory skills nowadays : we could locate any food and don't have to chase hard as long as pocket money could afford it (so many food choices even made some people become the vegetarian )! To relocate from the rainforest to grasslands--it was not limited to only one group of "erect squatters".  Some "Boisei" were eventually extinct because of herbivorous habits (only relied on reed roots for a living).  When the climate changed led reeds accidentally disappeared with "Boisei". The rapid development of human beings (our immediate ancestors) into us today-- at least three major factors are the key to decisiveness; The first is "bone marrow", the second is "projectile weapon", and the third is "language"! As I said before; human beings were once the most pitiful animals had been waiting for all the big beasts, coyotes, vultures and other second or third round diners then to sneak out and enjoy the leftover broken bones to avoid starvation. However, human beings were born to use tools (like crows or orangutans could use long grass stems or straight, thin wood branches to reach the inner of ant nests and fishing out the food). Whether human beings learned from orangutans or natural born ability could simply use on-hand tools. The second stage was to modify into applicable tools such as trimming the tree branches without twigs and leaves. The third stage was to fabricate into handy type per the natural shape such as stone or bone type.  Finally, it was the tool creation. This should be the highest level of ability--it was a matter of accustomedness that nowadays people might not think it was outstanding. However, human beings had only utilized the simple "objects" for 1 million years since they officially entered the Paleolithic era. The 10,000-year-old "instant inspiration" happened in the Neolithic Age and knew how to use the honing method for tool making. These techniques would need brain to virtualize the compositions with stereoscopic thinking and were the most different aspects from other animals. The above described food type and digestive way changes included physiological the complementary effects of each other have created today's civilized human beings.; When human beings had been looking for food in beast corpse piles for a long time--they might occasionally saw some eagle dropped the bone coupled with gravity acceleration to crack for bone marrow reaching. Today human eat the bone marrow purely for the sake of deliciousness but our far-reaching ancestors were for survival, especially in the period of extreme lack of food or cold winter.   The acts of rock cracking about leg bones (from animal carrion) turned out "smart person" evolved into "modern person". Bone marrows are not only rich in high calories and protein but also nutrients-- it provides important raw materials for the development of animal brains but other beasts only consumed the delicious fat and lean meat and not knowing most essential bone marrows. As if human owned the physical tonnage as today's gorillas—even human were omnivorous originally but might evolved sharper minions so could share the food with other beasts. Then today might still exist the same situation like millions years ago for continuing the ferocious predation in the African grasslands, the earth's hegemon may be substituted by other species but not human. So the bone marrow not only allowed humans life continuations but also to make the brain get quite adequate nutrients so capacity could greatly increase and intelligence has enough room for development.  It is like a computer hard disk from tens of mega-bytes, rapidly upgrade to a few terabytes so could load up more large programs.  Under such circumstance with more vocabulary in memory and language learning, human developed stereoscopic concepts and abstract thinking skills. In the same time, humans began to make tools to supplement their physical and dental deficiencies. The invention and improvement of various weapons and tools have made it easier for humans to hunt, to get more food and nutrition and thus to accelerate intelligence development and formed a benign cycle. At first, tool was heavy stoneware such as the primitive sticks then slowly appeared a thin and sharp stone.  It combined with the wooden stick and became a weapon that can be held or thrown in short distance as spear.  Progressively then developed throwing device in the middle of the distance as the projecting spear.  Finally the greatest weapon of mankind in ancient times was the invention of "bow and arrow". Before the firearms showing, the bows made of various materials could be called "the world's most sharp predatory tools At The bows and arrows could be utilized to attack other birds and beasts from a long distance and very precisely. Among all predatory birds and beasts, no animal can subdue or plunder prey at such a distance.  The application could hide in the dark or among trees, shooting without risk accessing to prey. Thus the long-range hunting weapon was sufficient to dominate the earth and make humans list on the top of the "food chain."